Incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in China, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control strategy.@*Methods @#Cohort studies pertaining to new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval time was set to build the database until May 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among Chinese MSM populations. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test, and the stability of outcome parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis.@*Results @#A total of 850 publications were retrieved, and 43 eligible literatures ( 44 studies ) were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of new HIV infection was 4.93 ( 95%CI: 4.15 to 5.72) per 100 person-years among Chinese MSM populations. Egger's test showed a publication bias ( t=2.411, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed high incidence of new HIV infection in east ( 5.21 per 100 person-years ), north ( 5.30 per 100 person-years ) and southwest (4.84 per 100 person-years) China, and the lowest incidence in northwest China ( 2.87 per 100 person-years ), and showed higher incidence in first-tier cities ( 5.12 per 100 person-years ) than in nonfirst-tier cities ( 3.89 per 100 person-years ). Syphilis infection ( HR=3.41 ), unprotected anal sex ( HR=2.52 ), multiple sexual partners ( HR=3.51 ), seeking sex partners in bars, public baths and parks ( HR=3.44 ), age of > 25 years ( HR=0.44 ), Han Ethnicity ( HR=0.35 ), awareness of AIDS-related knowledge ( HR=0.20 ) and provision of HIV preventive services ( HR=0.18 ) were associated with new HIV infection in Chinese MSM populations. In addition, publication bias was found in studies reporting syphilis infection ( t=4.841, P<0.001 ), unprotected anal sex ( t=4.114, P=0.006 ) and ethnicity ( t=-5.018, P=0.038 ). @*Conclusions @#The incidence of new HIV infection is high among Chinese MSM populations. Interventions targeting the factors affecting new HIV infections are required to reduce in the incidence of new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations.

Investigation of the frequency of kdr mutation of voltage-gated sodium channel in Anopheles sinensis in Yunnan Province / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the kdr (knockdown resistance, kdr) gene mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) of Anopheles sinensis in Yunnan Province. Methods　From 2018 to 2019, mosquitoes were collected in Luoping County, Suijiang County, Tengchong City, Yingjiang County, Yuanjiang County and Mengla County in Yunnan Province. The collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified as Anopheles sinensis and genomic DNA was extracted by kits. The DNA templates were sequenced after PCR amplification and the sequencing results were identify as Anopheles sinensis by homology alignment in NCBI. After the ⅡS5 and ⅡS6 fragments of the sodium channels in Anopheles sinensis were amplified and sequenced, the sequencing results were multiple aligned by DNAMAN software, and the mutations were analyzed one by one with BioEdit software to determine the kdr allele types and genotypes, and the frequencies were calculated. Results This survey amplified 287 sequences, and the sequence maps showed that 1014 loci had three alleles, including wild type TTG/L (89.20%), mutant type TTT/F (9.76%) and TCG/S (1.04%). Five genotypes: homozygous wildtype L/L (85.02%), homozygous mutant F/F (6.27%) and S/S (0.35%), heterozygous mutant L/F (6.97%) and L/S (1.39%). The wild type allele TTG/L was the main allele in six sampling sites except Suijiang County. The frequency of wild type allele in Tengchong City was the highest (100.00%). That is, no mutation was detected, while the rest of counties occurred different degrees of mutation at 1014 loci. The frequency of mutant allele in Suijiang County was the highest, reaching 55.68%. Luoping County, Mengla County and Suijiang County had two mutant types. Yingjiang County and Yuanjiang County had one heterozygous mutant L/F. Conclusion　Wild type L1014 (TTG/L) is still dominant in most areas of Yunnan Province. The kdr mutation type is mainly L1014F, followed by L1014S, and the mutation frequency is lower than that in central provinces of China.

Effect of lncRNA SNHG15 targeting miR-153 on apoptotic of mitochondrial pathway in breast cancer cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of lncRNA SNHG15 targeting miR-153 on cell viability and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and its apoptotic mechanism. Methods:The expression of SNHG15 in breast cancer cell lines(MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and MCF-7) were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR). MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into control (Ctrl) group, si-NC group, si-SNHG15 group, si-SNHG15+anti-NC group and si-SNHG15+anti-miR-153 group. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were detected by MTT and Flow cytometry, respectively. The targeting relationship between SNHG15 and miR-153 was verified by Dual luciferase report gene system. Mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent probe (JC-1) staining method was used to detect cell mitochondrial membrane potential. The expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3, cleaved caspase3 [c-caspase3] and Cyt-C）were detected by Western blotting. Results: The expression of SNHG15 in breast cancer cells was significantly higher than that in human normal mammary epithelial MCF10A cells (P<0.01). There was a targeting relationship between SNHG15 and miR-153. Compared with the control group, the cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of MDA-MB-231 cells in si-SNHG15 group were decreased, while apoptosis rate was increased (all P<0.01); the expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase3 were decreased while expressions of Bax, c-caspase3 and Cyt-C were increased (all P<0.01). However, co-transfection of si-SNHG15 and anti-miR-153 significantly attenuated the effects of si-SNHG15 on cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3, c-caspase3 and Cyt-C (all P<0.01). Conclusion: lncRNA SNHG15 can target miR-153 to induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of apoptosis of mitochondrial pathway.

Analysis of information about coronavirus disease 2019 on WeChat official accounts of CDCs in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on WeChat official accounts of centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in Zhejiang Province from January 20 to February 5,2020,so as to provide reference for improving the effects of health communication by WeChat official accounts.@*Methods@#The number,content and pageview of the information about COVID-19 on WeChat official accounts of one provincial and eleven municipal CDCs from January 20 to February 5 were collected and analyzed. The number of new followers and WeChat communication power index (WCI) were employed to evaluate the communication effect.@*Results@#By February 5,those WeChat public official accounts pushed 629 pieces of information about COVID-19. The pageviews were 3 713 428 in total and 5 903.70 on average. There were totally 633 008 followers,including 110 341 new followers which contributed to a growth rate of 21.11%. The average WCI was 677.81. The WCIs of eight official accounts were higher than 500,with “Zhejiang Health Education” the highest (1 021.95). The daily pageviews peaked on January 20,21,25 and 31. Among the top 15 pieces of information in pageviews,there were 7 pieces for epidemic announcements,3 pieces for popular science and 5 pieces for behavioral intervention.@*Conclusions@#The WeChat official accounts of CDCs in Zhejiang Province pushed the information about COVID-19 in line with the progress of the epidemic and the demand of the public,leading to a higher attention and better communication effect.

Changes and significance of serum levels of VEGF, ES, TKLK, TSP and sICAM-1 in patients with diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the changes of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , Endostatin (ES), thrombospondin (TSP), tissue kallikrein (TKLK) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( sICAM-1) in patients with diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) and its clinical significance.·METHODS:Selected 60 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR group ) , 60 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR group ) were enrolled in this study. Sixty diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy ( DM group ) and 60 healthy people ( control group) were also enrolled. Collection time was from January 2014 to December 2016. Serum levels of VEGF, ES, TSP, TKLK and sICAM-1 were measured and compared.·RESULTS: The levels of serum VEGF, TKLK and sICAM-1 in PDR group were significantly higher than those in NPDR group, DM group and control group ( P<0. 05). The ES of PDR group was significantly lower than that of NPDR group, DM group and control group ( P<0. 05). The levels of VEGF, TKLK and ES in the NPDR group were significantly higher than those in the DM group and the control group (P<0. 05). The serum VEGF in the NPDR group was positively correlated with the levels of ES, TKLK and sICAM-1 (P<0. 05). The serum VEGF of PDR group was positively related to the levels of TKLK and sICAM-1 (P<0. 05). There was no significant relationship between serum VEGF with ES and TSP in PDR group (P>0. 05).·CONCLUSION: The levels of serum ES, TSP, TKLK and sICAM - 1 in patients with DR have changed significantly, and the process of retinopathy has been affected by regulating the level of VEGF.

Radiographic anatomical analysis of the pelvic Teepee view / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To research radiographic anatomy of the main structure of the pelvic Teepee view, including its azimuth direction and view anatomy structure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2013 to June 2014 adult pelvic CT examination results were filtered, excluding skeletal deformities and pelvic osseous destruction caused by tumors, trauma, etc. The data of 2.0 mm contiguous CT scan of 9 adults' intact pelves was,selected and input into Mimics 10.01 involving 7 males and 2 females with an average age of (41.2±10.3) years old. Utilizing the software, the 3D CT reconstructions of the pelves were completed. Setting the transparency being high,the pelvic 3D reconstructions were manipulated from the pelvic anteroposterior view to the combined obturator oblique outlet view and fine-tuned till the regular Teepee-or teardrop-shaped appearance emerges. Cutting tools of the software were at the moment applied to separate the "Teepee" from the main pelvis for each reconstruction. Then the "Teepee" and the rest (main) part of the pelvis were displayed in different color to facilitate the analysis on the Teepee, iliac-oblique, and anteroposterior views.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The "Teepee" started from the posterolateral aspect of the anterior inferior iliac spine and finished at the cortex between the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine in a direction of being from caudal-anterior-lateral to cranial-posterior-medial. The radiographic anatomical composition of the "Teepee" contained one tip, one base,and two aspects. With the inner and outer iliac tables being the inner and outer aspects of the "Teepee", the tip is consequently formed by their intersection. The base is imaged from the cortex of the greater sciatic notch. The medial-inferior-posterior portion of the "Teepee" contains a small part of sacroiliac joint and its corresponding side of bone of the sacrum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The "Teepee" is a zone of ample osseous structures of the pelvis, aside from a small medial-inferior-posterior portion, the main zone of which can be accepted as a safe osseous zone for the anchor of implants stabilizing certain pelvic and acetabular fracture patterns. The Teepee view can be utilized as guidance for the safe percutaneous insertion of such implants.</p>

Research progress on the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

Substantial evidence supports the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer development. Numerous studies suggest that chronic inflammatory disease, such as periodontitis, contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the most important pathogens in association with periodontal disease, might have a potential correlation with OSCC. Along with the development of molecular biological techniques, the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and OSCC has been greatly emphasized in recent years. This review summarizes the association between these variables and the potential mechanisms involved in such relationship.

Influence of the included angle between anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies on pelvic inlet imaging in mid-line sagittal plane / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S vertebral bodies on pelvic inlet imaging in the pelvic midline sagittal plane.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 58 axial pelvic CT scans were chosen as study objects including 43 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old (ranged,18 to 68 years old). The angles between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1, vertebral bodies and the horizontal plane on midline sagittal CT reconstruction were measured to simulate the optimal S2 and S1 inlet angles. The included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies was calculated by subtrocting the S1,inlet angle from the S2 inlet angle defined as a base number. Then, the impact of the calculated included angles on the pelvic inlet imaging was analyzed. Results:The S2 inlet angles averaged (30.5±6.5) degrees; the S inlet angles averaged (25.7±5.9) degrees. The difference between them was significant (t=3.35, P=0.001). Ten patients had zero angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies; 14 patients had negative angle, averaged-(8.9±8.1) degrees; 34 patients had positive angle,averaged (11.8+6.4) degrees.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The difference of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies leads to the difference between S1 inlet view and S2 inlet view in most cases, complicating the pelvic inlet imaging,and affecting the reliability of the application of pelvic inlet view. Utilizing the angles measured on the preoperative midlihe sagittal CT reconstruction to obatin the patient-customized S1 and S2 inlet views could accurately guide the S1 and S2 iliosacral screw insertion.</p>

Effect of the anterior aspect of sacral nerve root tunnel on iliosacral screw placement on the standard lateral image of sacrum / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the location and course of S1, S2 sacral nerve root tunnel and to clarify the significance of the anterior aspect of sacral nerve root tunnel on placement of iliosacral screw on the standard lateral sacral view.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Firstly the data of 2.0 mm slice pelvic axial CT images were imported into Mimics 10.0, and the sacrum, innominate bones, and sacral nerve root tunnels were reconstructed into 3D views respectively, which were rotated to the standard lateral sacral views, pelvic outlet and inlet views. Then the location and course of the S1, S2 sacral nerve root tunnel on each view were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sacral nerve root tunnel started from the cranial end and anterior aspect of the vertebral canal of the same segment and ended up to the anterior sacral foramen with a direction from cranial-posterior-medial to caudal-anterior-lateral. The tunnel had a lower density than the iliac cortex and greater sciatic notch on the pelvic X-rays,especially on the standard sacral lateral view, on which it showed up as a disrupted are line and required more careful recognition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It can prevent the iliosacral screw from penetrating the sacral nerve root tunnel and vertebral canal when recognizing the anterior aspect of sacral nerve root tunnel and choosing it as the caudal-posterior boundary of the "safe zone" on the standard lateral sacral view.</p>

Classification of upper sacral segment based on continuous axial pelvic computed tomography scan / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To introduce a classification system of upper sacral segment and its significance based on the continuous pelvic axial computed tomography scan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole pelvis 2.0 mm thick axial scan images of 127 cases were observed, the sacroiliac screw channel of S1 were measured, according to the size of the transverse screw channel the upper sacral segment were classified. Such as transverse screw channel existed and in at least 4 layer scan images its width was > 7.3 mm, it was defined as sacral segment of the normal type. Such as transverse screw channel existed and its maximum width was 7.3 mm or less on scanning level, it was defined as a transitional. Such as transverse channel did not exist, or its width on all scanning level was 0 mm or less, it was defined as dysplastic. Various cases,percentage, and the average of the transverse screw channel were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 58 normal (45.7%),42 transitional (33.1%), and 27 dysplastic (21.2%) upper sacral segments with an averaged width of the tansverse screw channel of 13.9 mm, 5.2 mm, and 0.9 mm, respectively. Each specimen could be defined as one of the three types of upper sacral segment without exceptions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is possible to insert a transverse iliosacral screw into a normal upper sacral segment when indicated because of the capacious transverse screw channel. The transverse iliosacral screw placement into the transitional and dysplastic upper sacral segments was contraindicated because of the limited or none transverse screw channel. The transitional upper sacral segment was superior to the dysplastic segment due to its starting point location restriction on the true lateral sacral view.</p>

Preliminary interpretation on the relationship between the phenotype of CD133+ cells and niche in transplanted human glioma in mice / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>CD133(+) tumor cells are regarded as cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor initiation, development, and relevant with chemo- and radio-resistance of tumors. However, how the destiny of CD133(+) cells is regulated by their niche remains largely unknown. In this study the interpretation of the relationship between CD133(+) cells and their niche were performed through investigating the distribution characteristics of CD133(+) cells in transplanted human glioma xenograft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD133(+) tumor cell spheres or tumor cells transfected with red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene were implanted in situ, subcutaneously or intraperitonealy in nude mice, then the xenografts were dissected and embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), tumor tissues were further stained against CD133 with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques. The pathological structures of tumors and distribution characteristics of CD133(+) tumor cells were observed under microscope and confocal fluorescence microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under microscope, distribution of CD133(+) glioma cells showed certain regularity and can be classified morphologically into three types: cell clusters, in pairs and single cells. Distribution of CD133(+) cells can also be classified according to their distribution location: accumulating around tumor vasculature areas, among the vascular endothelial cells, or in the normal brain tissue and ventricles. Under fluorescence microscope and laser confocal microscope, some of vascular endothelial cells inside the tumor region and some cells around tumor vessels co-express CD133 and RFP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD133(+) tumor cell clusters in nude mice are actually similar to those in CSCs spheres cultured in vitro. The single CD133(+) cells and CD133(+) cells in pairs represent asymmetric and symmetric division of CSCs within the CSCs niche, respectively. CD133(+) cells residing along tumor vessels are CSCs depending on CSC niche, and those locating far away from tumor blood vessels or tumor tissues, residing in normal brain tissues are the disseminated CSCs or neural stem cells which are not controlled or regulated by CSCs niche.</p>

A method with TRIzol~ reagent and liquid nitrogen to extract high-quality RNA from rat pancreas / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish a quick,economical and reproducible method for high-quality RNA extraction from pancreas.Methods We utilized TRIzol Reagent and liquid nitrogen to isolate total RNA from the rat pancreas.The RNA quality was determined by detection of its content and optic density(A) at 260/280nm,and electrophoresis in 1% non-denatured agarose gel.Then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to detect expression of the pancreas-specific genes.Results The content of the total RNA extracted from the rat pancreas reached 3-6?g/mg pancreatic tissues,and A260/280 ratio was 1.75-1.89.Electrophoresis of the total RNA showed 28S and 18S rRNA bands with clear smear between them.The RT-PCR products of pancreas-specific genes including insulin 1,glucagon,?-amylase and housekeeping gene ?-actin all exhibited clear bands on 1% agarose gel,which were located in the expected positions,respectively.Conclusion These results suggest that we have successfully isolated the high-quality and intact RNA from the rat pancreas with TRIzol Reagent and liquid nitrogen.The extracted total RNA can be used in RT-PCR for pancreatic gene expression.